SMIELD-GRAFtiNG STOLON. 345 



Shield-grafting. The insertion of a cion witlr a wedge- 

 sliape point into an incision like that used for shield- 

 budding ; cion-budding. Fig. 115. 



Side-grafting. The insertion of a cion with a sharp or 

 wedge-shape point into a diagonal incision into the 

 wood on the side of the stock. Figs. 113, 114, 115. 

 See, also, Veneer-grafting. 



Silver Sand. Clear white sand devoid of organic matter, 

 used for the starting of cuttings. Page 54. 



Slip. See Cutting ; also, page 65. 



Spawn. The dried mycelium of mushrooms, preserved fn 

 dense masses of prepared earth and manure (known as 

 "bricks"), or in loose, strawy litter (known as 

 "French spawn"), or in the loose earth of mushroom 

 beds. 



See, also, Cormel. 



Splice-grafting. The joining of simple oblicjue surfaces in 

 the stock and cion. Fig. no. 



Spore. The reproductive body of a fiowerless plant (or 

 cryptogam), as of ferns, fungi, sea-weeds, and the like. 

 It has no embryo, and it commonly consists of a single 

 cell. 



Spur. A very short branch, usually lateral, which does not 

 increase markedly in length from year to year. The 

 normal office of spurs is to bear flcjwers and fruit. 



Stem-grafting. Grafting upon the stem or trunk of a plant, 

 between the crown (or the ground) and the top. Page 

 107. 



Stick. A twig of the recent growth of any plant, bearing buds 

 which it is proposed to use in propagation. Fig. 87. 



Stock. In graftage, a plant or part of a plant upon which a 

 cion or bud is set. A /rce stock is a seedling, in dis- 

 tinction from a grafted stock. 



Stolon. A decumbent shoot which, without artificial aid, 

 takes root and forms an independent plant. The honey- 



