DRAWING 19 



But those students who find it difficult should not be 

 discouraged, for everyone can improve this power by 

 practice, and it is the effort to improve which is specially 

 valuable as training of the mind. 



The following points should always be kept in 

 view : — 



(i) Outlines should be represented by clear firm 

 lines on smooth paper with a pencil of medium hardness 

 sharpened to a good point. Avoid all " muzziness " 

 in drawings : it always indicates a " muzzy " mental 

 picture, which is useless. Do not put in " shading " 

 in drawings of microscopic objects, and never " shade " 

 any drawing till you are quite satisfied that the outlines 

 are accurate. Shading is very seldom necessary. 



(2) Draw only what you can actually see. Never 

 pretend' to see what you do not see. But remember 

 that practice in observation will enable you to see 

 things that you cannot see at first. So do not jump 

 to the conclusion that things cannot be seen which 

 the demonstrator says can be seen, because you cannot 

 see them at once. 



(3) Always draw on a large scale, so that all details 

 can be clearly shown. 



(4) Always write the names of the parts of what 

 you draw at the side of the drawing, either in full or 

 with unmistakable abbreviations, connecting each name 

 with the corresponding part by a straight line, so that 

 the drawing is at once intelligible. 



(5) When you have to represent a complicated 

 structure as seen under the microscope, for instance 

 a section of an organ of a higher plant showing various 

 tissues, make {a) a diagram, including the outlines 

 only of the tissues, under the low power, to show the 

 distribution of the tissues ; and (6) detailed drawings 



