LEGUMINOSAE (PULSE FAMILY) 225 
Stems usually not much more than a foot high, hard and woody, 
branching freely from the base, round, ridged, and without thorns. 
Leaves alternate, lance-shape to elliptic, sessile, entire, smooth and 
shining. Flowers in spiked racemes, each flower about a half-inch 
long, like a golden-yellow pea-blossom, sessile, with a small bract at 
its base. Pods about an inch long, smooth, and flat, each contain- 
ing several seeds which are very long-lived. 
Means of control 
Frequent and persistent cutting close to the ground, beginning 
at the first bloom and allowing no leaf-growth throughout the grow- 
ing season. More than one season of such persistent root-starva- 
tion may be required in order to subdue the weed, but, if not 
permitted to refill its underground storehouses with sustenance, it 
must succumb. 
WILD LUPINE 
Lupinus perénnis, L. 
Other English names: Sun Dial, Wild Pea, Old Maid’s Bonnets. 
Native. Perennial. Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: May to June. 
Seed-time: Late June to August. 
Range: Maine and Ontario to Minnesota, southward to the Gulf 
of Mexico. 
Habitat: Dry, sandy soil; meadows, woodland borders, waste 
places. 
A beautiful plant, often cultivated in eastern gardens. It is 
very commonly called Sun Dial because the leaves always face that 
luminary, the leaflets sometimes rotating ninety degrees on their 
own axes; and at night they take a position as if for sleep, folding 
downward around the stem. The roots penetrate the soil to a great 
depth, finding moisture to keep the plant green and flourishing, 
even in late summer when neighboring plants suffer from drought. 
(Fig. 161.) 
Stems erect, rather stout and succulent, slightly hairy, ten to 
eighteen inches tall. Leaves lifted on long, slim petioles; pal- 
mately compound, with seven to eleven softly downy, sessile leaf- 
lets, widest near the tip and tapering to the base, the midrib of 
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