226 LEGUMINOSAE (PULSE FAMILY) 
each extending beyond the tip in a minute, 
bristly point. Flowers numerous and very 
showy, on long terminal racemes, the 
corollas purplish blue, sometimes white; 
shaped like pea-blossoms, with standard 
turned backward at the sides, the wings 
united and enclosing the small, curved 
keel; stamen tube not cleft, its anthers 
of two forms; style incurved; calyx two- 
lipped and deeply toothed. Pods broad, 
flat, very hairy, about an inch and a half 
long, two-valved, splitting in spiral coils 
at maturity and flinging to some distance 
the four or five seeds contained; these 
have long vitality, often remaining dor- 
mant in the soil for many years. The 
seeds are also said to be very unwhole- 
some for grazing animals, though not so 
dangerously harmful as those of its west- 
ern relatives. 
ten ah Means of control 
Prevent seed development by cutting before the first flowers 
mature. Hay containing Lupines is wholesome if it contains no 
ripe seeds. The perennial roots may be destroyed by cultivation of 
the land, which should be put to a well-fertilized and well-tilled 
hoed crop before reseeding with clover or grass. 
NEBRASKA LUPINE 
Lupinus platténsis, 8. Wats. 
Native. Perennial. Propagates by seeds and by rootstocks. 
Time of bloom: June to July. 
Seed-time: July to August. 
Range: Nebraska, Wyoming, and the Dakotas. 
Habitat: Plains; pastures and meadows. 
Lupines furnish western stockmen with much nutritious green 
forage and good hay. They are especially valuable in the late fall, 
