ANACARDIACEAE (CASHEW FAMILY) 273 
Time of bloom: June to September. 
Seed-time: July to November. 
Range: Eastern part of the United States. 
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, waste places; frequent in cemeteries. 
An escape from flower gardens and .cemeteries, where it should 
never be given a place, for it is as pervading and uncontrollable as 
Toad-flax. Its tough, horizontal, creeping rootstocks cause it to 
grow in dense patches, choking out all other growth. In pastures 
it is said to be very injurious to grazing cattle, but the writer’s 
observation has been that cattle avoid it. 
Stems thickly clustered, six inches to a foot 
in height, erect, scaly at base, very leafy above, 
with few branches. Leaves linear, deep green, 
smooth, those subtending the umbels whorled, 
those on the stalks alternate, crowded, and ses- 
sile. Rays of the umbel very numerous, the 
flowers subtended by greenish yellow, heart- 
shaped bracts; involucres top-shaped, bearing 
four crescent-shaped glands without appendages. 
Pods rounded and granular, with smooth, oblong, 
ash-gray seeds, caruncled at base. (Fig. 190.) 
Means of control 
' : 4 : Fig. 190. — Cy- 
Close cutting just at blooming time when the press Spurge (Eu- 
rootstocks are most depleted of their stored Dhorbia Cyparis- 
nutriment, using salt to retard recovery. Small a 
areas are most quickly dealt with by grubbing out and destroying 
the rootstocks. 
POISON SUMAC 
Rhis Vérniz, L. 
Other English names: Swamp Sumac, Poison Dogwood, Poison Ash, 
Poison Elder, Thunderwood. q 
Native. Perennial. Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: June. Se 
Seed-time: Fruit ripe in late summer but retained until winter. 
Range: New England and southern Ontario to Minnesota, south- 
ward to Florida and Louisiana. 
Habitat: Swamps. 
tT 
