UMBELLIFERAE (PARSLEY FAMILY) 299 
Means of control 
Prevent reproduction and spreading by cutting the flowering 
stalks before any fruit has matured. In order to destroy the peren- 
nial roots it is necessary to put the land under cultivation. 
SANICLE OR BLACK SNAKEROOT 
Sanicula canadénsis, L. 
Native. Perennial. Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: June to August. 
Seed-time: August to October. 
Range: Massachusetts to Nebraska, southward to Florida and 
Texas. 
Habitat: Shrubby upland pastures, thickets, open woods. 
Sanicle is a shade lover and would 
hardly be included in this weed list 
were it not that its hooked and prickly 
carpels are so detrimental to the fleeces 
of sheep. The plant has bitter juices 
which protect it from their nibbling 
jaws and it is left to reproduce itself 
unharmed. 
Stem rather stout, eighteen inches 
to three feet tall, erect, round, grooved, 
smooth, with forking, leafy branches. 
Leaves palmately compound, three- to 
five-parted, the segments narrowly obo- 
vate to lance-shaped, smooth, sharply 
and irregularly toothed, often cut- 
lobed; those at the base have long 
petioles ‘but the stem leaves become 
smaller and nearly sessile as they near 
the top; involucral leaves small and 
lance-shaped. Flowers greenish white, 
with perfect and staminate flowers in- 
termixed in small, compact, globular 
umbels, not much more than a half- 
inch broad. In this species the styles 
Fic. 208. — Sanicle (Sanicula 
canadensis). Xi. 
