ASCLEPIADACEAE (MILKWEED FAMILY) 319 
CLIMBING MILKWEED 
Gonélobus laévis; Michx. 
(Ampélanus dlbidus, Britton) 
(Enslénia dlbida, Nutt.) 
Other English names: Angle-pod, Sand Vine, White Swallow-wort. 
Native. Perennial. Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: June to August. 
Seed-time: August to October. 
Range: Pennsylvania to Kansas, southward to Florida and Texas. 
Habitat: Fence rows and thickets, waste places; also troublesome 
in cultivated ground. 
Vines such as this furnish a good argument against too many 
fences, as it is practically impossible to clean out the weed with- 
out removing its support. Stems eight to twelve or more feet 
long, slender, twining, smooth or minutely hairy in lines, filled 
with milky juice. Leaves three to five inches long, opposite, thin, 
heart-shaped, long-pointed, smooth, entire, with long petioles. 
Flowers in axillary cymose clusters, very small, bell-shaped, five- 
lobed, cream-white, fragrant; stamens five, the filaments united 
into a short tube; stigma slightly two-lobed; peduncles rather 
stout, not so long as the leaves, pedicels thread-like, longer than 
the flowers. Follicles three to five inches long, erect, smooth, 
wing-angled. Seeds flat, brown, tufted with silken hair. 
Means of control 
The weed is a persistent one and frequent and deep cutting is 
necessary in order to keep it in check, beginning when it is in early 
bloom and repeating as new shoots put forth. Dry salt or a few 
drops of carbolic acid will help in retarding new growth. 
BLACK SWALLOW-WORT 
Cyndnchum nigrum, Pers. 
(Vincetéxicum nigrum, Moench) 
Introduced. Perennial. Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: June to September. 
Seed-time: August to October. . : 
Range: Massachusetts to Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. 
Habitat: Old fields, fence rows, thickets, and waste places. 
