BORAGINACEAE (BORAGE FAMILY) 300 
Time of bloom: June to August. 
Seed-time: July to September. 
Range: Quebec to Minnesota, southward to Georgia and Kansas. 
Habitat: Fields, pastures, waste places. 
A worthless weed anywhere, but a special pest in. pastures, its 
downy-hairy leaves having a disagreeable odor and a nauseous 
taste and the burs being among the worst that beset the fleeces of 
sheep. 
Root rather thick, deep-boring, black, 
crowned the first year with tufted, dull 
green leaves, six inches to a foot in 
length, oblong, pointed — shaped some- 
what like a hound’s tongue — with long, 
channeled petioles; stem-leaves much 
smaller, and sessile or clasping by rounded 
or heart-shaped bases. Flowering stalk 
one to three feet tall, stout, leafy, branch- 
ing near the top. Racemes terminal, 
simple or branching, lengthening as the 
flowers mature; the latter reddish purple, 
the corolla funnel-form, five-lobed, less 
than a half-inch broad, with five included 
stamens, a single style and deeply four- 
lobed ovary. The hairy calyx enlarges 
as the burs mature; these are comprised 
of four pointed obovoid, compressed, nut- _ Fre. 231.— Hound's 
. Tongue (Cynoglossum off- 
lets, each about a quarter-inch long, grate). x4. 
covered with short, barbed prickles, and 
forming a small pyramid with the withered style for its peak, 
to which they are attached so slightly that a touch from 
a passing animal or a garment will detach and carry them 
away. (Fig. 231.) 
Means of control 
Deep cutting of the crown leaves, with spud or hoe, in late fall 
or early spring. Fruiting stalks should be cut close to the ground 
before the first flowers mature. 
