BORAGINACEAE (BORAGE FAMILY) 341 
acute segments, nearly as long as the corolla. The four nutlets 
each about an eighth of an inch long, ovoid, smooth, shining, 
pearl-white. 
Means of control 
Deep cutting while in first bloom. If the root is merely shaved 
at the surface it sprouts again, but when cut well below the crown 
it dies. Badly infested’ ground is best treated by putting to a 
well-tilled hoed crop. 
HOARY PUCCOON 
Lithospérmum canéscens, Lehm. 
Other English names: Paint Plant, Gray Gromwell. 
Native. Perennial. Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: April to June. 
Seed time: June to August. 
Range: Ontario to the Northwest Territory, southward to Vir- 
ginia, Alabama, and Arizona. 
sea Dry soil; prairies; fields, meadows, pastures, waste 
places. 
The thick, deep-boring, red root of this plant yields a red stain 
or dye; the Indians used it for decorating their naked bodies, 
before battle or on ceremonial occasions, and they called all plants 
from which they obtained such juices Puccoon. In grain fields 
it is even more obnoxious than the Wheat-thief, because it is 
perennial, and its hard, pearl-like seeds are possessed of exceedingly 
long vitality. 
Stems six to fifteen inches high, simple or branched at the top, 
covered with fine, grayish, appressed hairs, particularly when 
young. Leaves one-half inch to nearly two inches in length, 
oblong to linear, obtuse, appressed hairy above, downy beneath, 
entire, sessile. Flowers sessile in the upper axils, the ends of the 
branches forming dense spikes, usually curved; corolla about a 
half-inch long, deep orange, the five lobes spread galver-form, the 
tube of a lighter yellow and longer than the hairy calyx. Nutlets 
about an eighth of an inch long, ovoid, pointed, keeled, smooth, 
and lustrous pearl-white. 
Means of control the same as for the Common Gromwell. 
