372 SOLANACEAE (NIGHTSHADE FAMILY) 
centers, each about a half-inch broad, on peduncles about as long 
as themselves; calyx at first hairy but when inflated almost smooth, 
nearly ovoid in shape, not sunken around 
the stem, its ten ribs showing merely as 
lines on the surface. Berry reddish yel- 
low, about a half-inch in diameter. 
(Fig. 258.) . 
Means of control 
Starve the rootstocks by persistently 
depriving them of leaf-growth, beginning 
with the first bloom; retarding new 
growth by the use of salt or a few drops 
of kerosene on the shorn surfaces. In 
cultivated crops tillage should be con- 
tinued much later than is usual, for it is 
generally the late green foliage that 
i assimilates the food which restocks the 
Fia. 258.—Prairie underground storehouses. Small areas 
Ground Cherry (Physalis may be killed outright by more liberal 
faheeontledy 24%. applications of kerosene, caustic soda or 
hot brine, making the ground barren for a season; or the root- 
stocks may be grubbed out. 
APPLE OF PERU 
Nicdéndra Physalodes, Pers. 
Introduced. Annual. Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: July to September.. 
Seed-time: Late August to November. i 
Range: Nova Scotia to Ontario, and southward to Florida. 
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, and waste places. 
Brought to this country to be cultivated for ornament in gardens, 
but naturalized as a weed in many localities, particularly in the 
southern part of its range. 
Stem rather stout, smooth, angled, two to five feet tall, erect 
and branching. Leaves long-ovate, rather thin, three to eight 
