SCROPHULARIACEAE (FIGWORT FAMILY) 379 
pale yellow, the upper one brownish on the back; stamens of 
unequal lengths, the filaments bearded with purple hairs. Cap- 
sules globose, longer than the calyx, many-seeded. (Fig. 263.)7 
Means of control the same as for Common Mullein. 
YELLOW TOAD-FLAX 
Linéria vulgaris, Hill 
Other English names: Butter-and-Eggs. Wild Snap-dragon, Flax- 
weed, Impudent Lawyer, Ranstead. 
Introduced. Perennial. Propagates by seeds and by rootstocks. 
Time of bloom: June to October. 
Seed-time: August to November. 
Range: Nova Scotia to Manitoba, southward to Georgia and 
Nebraska. 
Habitat: Fields, pastures, roadsides, and waste places. 
A weed very difficult to suppress because of its 
deep, running rootstocks. Cattle dislike its taste 
and odor, and in pastures it is left to reproduce 
itself unmolested; seed-bearing plants are fre- 
quently transported in baled hay. 
Stems several from the same root, erect, smooth, 
very slender, one to two feet tall, simple or with 
few branches. Leaves alternate, pale green, linear, 
entire, pointed at both ends, sessile, crowded on 
the stalks. Flowers in dense racemes, the earliest 
clusters terminal, later bloom springing from the 
axils; corolla yellow, irregular, about an inch long, 
spurred at the base, two-lipped, the upper one 
two-lobed and erect, the throat nearly closed and 
yellow-bearded within, the bulging palate deep 
orange above spreading lower lips; stamens four, 
in unequal pairs, included; the flowers have an 
unpleasant odor. Capsules two celled, ovoid, each 
containing fifty to sixty flattened, rough, wing- 
7 ‘ Fie. 264.— 
margined seeds. (Fig. 264.) Yellow Toad-flax 
(Linaria vulga- 
Means of control ris). Xt. 
If the area infested is small, use one of the strong herbicides, 
such as hot brine or caustic soda, which will kill all other plant 
