COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 41? 
long, round-topped, corymbose clusters, pinkish purple, fragrant ; 
the florets all tubular and perfect. Achenes very small, black, 
angled, with a funnel-shaped pappus of fine, bristly hairs. The 
plant is often accompanied by a nearly related variety, the 
SpotreD Joz-pYE WEED (E. maculdtum, L.), differing in that it 
has rough-hairy leaves and stem, green and more or less spotted 
with purple; heads similar, but with broader, flatter cluster 
and the root also is medicinally valuable. (Fig. 291.) 
Means of control 
Only grubbing out bodily or repeated deep cutting throughout 
the growing season will rid grasslands of this weed. Plants on 
waste grounds and in thickets should also be prevented from seed 
production. 
THOROUGHWORT. 
Eupatorium perfolidtum, L. 
Other English names: Boneset, Agueweed, Feverwort, Crosswort, 
Sweating Plant, Vegetable Antimony. 
Native. Perennial. Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: July to September. 
Seed-time: September to November. 
Range: New Brunswick to Manitoba and North Dakota, south- 
ward to Florida and Texas. 
Habitat: Wet meadows, swamps, sides of streams, and ditches. 
A near relative of Joe-Pye Weed, and also used in medicine, 
the parts desired being the flowering tops, gathered when in full 
bloom, and the leaves, stripped from the stalks and quickly dried, 
for which collectors receive three to eight cents a pound. 
Stem two to five feet tall, rather stout, hairy, branching at the 
top. Leaves deep green, long-pointed, opposite, and united at the 
base, seeming like a single leaf through which the stem has grown, 
downy beneath, somewhat wrinkled, prominently veined, finely 
seallop-toothed. Heads very small, in rather compact corymbose 
clusters, dull white or very rarely blue, the florets all perfect and 
fertile; as they mature, the lengthening and expanding hairy para- 
chutes of the achenes make the clusters appear like fleecy tufts 
of wool. 
Means of control the same as for Joe-Pye Weed. 
2E 
