COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 431 
of the involucre nearly equal, green, linear, spreading, very soft 
and lax, glandular hairy. Achenes bristly-hairy, with a thick 
tuft of tawny, brown pappus about three times their length. 
Means of control 
Close and repeated cutting for the purpose of starving the 
perennial roots and preventing seed development. The plant is 
at once destroyed by cultivation of the ground. 
HEART-LEAVED ASTER 
Aster cordifolius, L. 
Native. Perennial. Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: August to October. 
Seed-time: September to November. | 
Range: New Brunswick to Minnesota, southward to Georgia and 
Missouri. 
Habitat: Woodland borders, fields, and roadsides, fence rows, and 
thickets. 
Stem one to four feet tall, erect, slender, round, and smooth. 
Leaves thin, finely rough, hairy, sharply toothed, heart-shaped to 
broadly ovate, long-pointed, the lower ones often five or six inches 
long and nearly as broad, with slender petioles; the upper ones 
much smaller, ovate to lance-shaped, short-petioled or sessile. 
Heads very numerous, in profuse panicled clusters at the ends of 
stem and branches, each about a half-inch broad, the rays light 
violet-blue ; involucre top-shaped, its bracts appressed and tipped 
with short, obtuse, green points. Achenes very small, with whitish 
pappus. 
Means of control the same as for New England Aster. 
SMOOTH ASTER 
Aster laévis, L. 
Native. Perennial... Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: August to October. 
Seed-time: September to November. 
Range: Maine and Ontario to North Dakota, southward to Georgia, 
Louisiana, and Kansas. 
Habitat: Dry or stony soil; fields, pastures, roadsides. 
