470 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 
and eight to fifteen yellow neutral or sometimes pistillate but ster- 
ile rays; involucre hemispheric, about a half-inch high, its bracts 
closely appressed, lance-shaped, and gray-hairy. Achenes flattened, 
rough-hairy, with winged border and pappus of two divergent 
awns. 
Means of control 
Prevent seed development and distribution by close cutting while 
in first bloom. Rankly infested ground should be put urider culti- 
vation in order to destroy the perennial roots, but small areas may 
profitably be hand-pulled or grubbed out. 
GOLDEN CROWNBEARD 
Verbesina encelioides, B. & H. 
(Ximenésia encelioides, Cav.) 
Native. Annual. Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: June to August. 
Seed-time: July to September. 
Range: Montana southward to Arizona 
and Texas, to Florida. 
Habitat: Fields, meadows, and waste 
places. 
A very common weed in its range, 
which is rapidly extending, the plant 
having appeared locally as far east as 
Maine. It intrudes in nearly all crops, 
appropriating an injurious amount of the 
soil fertility. 
Stem one to two feet tall, much branched 
and densely hairy. Leaves alternate, 
ovate, abruptly narrowed or heart-shaped 
at base, irregularly but: sharply toothed, 
the upper surface green, but beneath pale 
with a covering of ashy-gray hairs; peti- 
oles usually winged and often having a 
spreading, auricular appendage at base. 
Fie. 327.—Golden 
Crownbeard (Verbesina é 
encelioides). X }. Heads numerous, one to two _ inches 
