474 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 
Meuns of control 
Prevent seed production by mowing, hoe-cutting, or hand-pulling 
the pests while in first bloom or earlier. Cultivation of the soil 
destroys it and good drainage is a discouragement to this weed, 
for it prefers the ground damp. 
BIG BEGGAR-TICK 
Bidens vulgata, Greene 
Native. Annual. Propagates. by seeds. 
Time of bloom: August to October. 
Seed-time: September to November. 
.Range: Ontario to British Columbia, southward throughout the 
United States, but not common in the eastern part. 
Habitat: Moist soil; fields, waste places. 
Much taller than the preceding plant, sometimes attaining eight 
feet or more, smooth, and much branched. Leaves pinnately three- 
to five-parted, with slender petioles and long-pointed, coarsely 
toothed leaflets. Heads large, often an inch or more broad, on 
stout peduncles; involucre of ten to sixteen outer bracts, usually 
longer than the disk, bristle-edged, unequal; the inner row short, 
with abruptly narrowed tips ; rays when present, pale yellow, small, 
neutral; disk-florets funnel-form, four- to five-toothed, also pale 
yellow. Achenes oblong wedge-shaped, brown or olive, very flat, 
the faces usually smooth but sometimes roughened with fine tuber- 
cles, the awns and the upper part of the achenes downwardly 
barbed. 
Means of control the same as for the preceding species. 
LEAFY-BRACTED TICKSEED 
Bidens comdsa, Wiegand 
Native. Annual. Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: August to October. 
Seed-time: September to November. 
Range: Maine to Minnesota, southward to Colorado, Georgia, and 
Louisiana. 
Habitat: Moist rich soil; fields, banks of streams, waste places. 
