COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 493 
peduncles, without rays, the disk bluntly ovoid, greenish yellow; 
bracts of the involucre broadly oval, not quite half the length of 
the disk, green, with white, scarious margins. Achenes rounded 
oblong, faintly ribbed, often without a pappus but sometimes 
having an obscure marginal crown, bearing one or two small, 
oblique auricles. 
Means of control the same as for Mayweed. 
WHITE OR OX-EYE DAISY 
Chrysénthemum Leucdnthemum, L. 
Var. pinnatifidum, Lecoq. & Lamotte. 
Other English names: Whiteweed, Midsummer Daisy, Poverty 
Weed, Poorland Flower, Moon-penny. 
Introduced. Perennial. Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: May to October. 
Seed-time: June to November. 
Range: Nearly throughout North America. Less common in the 
South and the West. 
Habitat: Old fields, meadows, pastures, and waste places. 
The seeds of this plant are an impurity of nearly all grass seeds 
and are distributed with them; fruiting plants are mown with 
the hay, baled with it, and shipped about the country, pass un- 
harmed through the digestive tracts of the farm animals and are 
returned to the land in uncomposted stable refuse, carefully spread 
— no wonder it is such a pervasive weed. 
Stems often tufted, one to three feet high, erect, slender, finely 
grooved, nearly smooth, sometimes forking near the top but usually 
simple, springing from a short, thick rootstock fringed with fibrous 
rootlets. Root-leaves in a tufted mat about the base of the stem, 
spatulate in outline, pinnatifid and irregularly toothed, tapering 
to petioles; stem-leaves narrowly oblong, sessile and clasping, 
also cut and toothed. Heads single, at the summit of the stalk, 
about two inches broad, bearing twenty to thirty spreading, white 
rays, slightly notched at their tips; disk yellow and about a half- 
inch broad; rays and disk-florets both fertile; involucre very 
shallow and flat, its bracts with scarious margins and closely im- 
bricated. Achenes grayish black, finely ribbed, without pappus. 
