510 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 
Means of control 
& 
Destroy the seedlings by hoe-cutting; some will escape and 
spread sprawling rosettes, which must be deeply cut with spud or 
hoe; if merely shaved at the top, the food-filled root will imme- 
diately crown itself anew, but deep cutting kills. If any are left - 
until the second year, cut the flowering stalks close to the ground 
before any of the heads are mature. 
COMMON BURDOCK 
Arctium minus, Bernh. 
Introduced. Biennial. Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: July to November. 
Seed-time: September; the later ripened burs persistent on the 
stalks all winter. 
Range: Throughout North America. 
Habitat: Fence rows, roadsides, waste places. 
Smaller than the preceding species, the stems being three to 
five feet in height, erect, grooved, and branching. Leaves broadly 
ovate, obtuse, usually heart-shaped at base, light green and woolly- 
hairy beneath, darker and smooth above, the stout petioles hollow, 
and not grooved as are those of Great Burdock. Heads numerous, 
racemose on the branches, sessile or on short peduncles, about a 
half-inch broad; bracts of the involucre short, smooth or slightly 
woolly, the hooked tips, like those of Great Burdock, turned in- 
ward, the outer rows somewhat spreading, the inner ones erect 
and shorter than the flowers. Achenes show almost none of the 
gray and brown mottling characteristic of those of the larger 
weed. Cows are fond of the plant, but if it is eaten by them in 
any quantity, the milk takes a bitter flavor. 
Means of control the same as for Great Burdock. 
COMMON OR BULL THISTLE 
Circium lanceoldtum, Hill 
(Caérduus lanceoldtus, L.) 
Other English names: Spear Thistle, Plume Thistle, Bur Thistle, 
Lance-leaved Thistle. 
Introduced. Biennial. Propagates by seeds. 
