530 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 
with a liberal pinch of salt or a few drops of carbolic acid. Plants 
of roadsides and waste places should be grubbed out, or so fre- 
quently cut as to prevent seed development and distribution to the 
damage of adjacent property. 
FALL DANDELION 
Leéntodon autumndalis, L. 
Other English names: Autumn Hawkbit, August Flower, Arica, 
Lion’s-tooth. 
Introduced. Perennial. Propagates by seeds and by rootstocks. 
Time of bloom: Late June to October. 
Seed-time: August to November,, 
Range: Newfoundland to western Ontario and Michigan, southward 
to Pennsylvania and -Ohio. 
Habitat: Fields, meadows, roadsides, and waste places. 
Before flowering this plant looks very like the common Dandelion, 
the long, smooth, or caine hairy tufted leaves having similar back- 
ward turned, sharp-pointed lobes or 
“Tion’s teeth.” But instead of a 
taproot it has short, thick rootstocks, 
each of which may send up a tuft of 
leaves and a flowering stalk; so that 
the weed tends to grow in patches 
and rapidly chokes out the grass in 
lawns and meadows. 
Stems six inches to two feet tall, 
smooth, slender, branching, thick- 
ened at summit, with small, pointed, 
seale-like leaves. Heads with many 
tooth-tipped bright yellow rays, more 
than an inch broad, growing singly 
at the ends of. the slim, naked 
branches. Achenes brown, nearly a 
quarter-inch long, ridged lengthwise, 
not beaked like the Dandelion, but 
having a yellowish white pappus of 
Fic, 366.— Fall Dandelion one funnel-shaped row of plume- 
(Leontodon autumnalis). x4. like bristles. (Fig. 366.) 
