COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 587 
RED-SEEDED DANDELION 
Tardxacum erythrospérmum, Andrz. 
Introduced. Perennial. Propagates by seeds. 
Time of bloom: April to June. 
Seed-time: May to July. 
Range: Maine to Virginia, westward to Michigan and Illinois. 
Habitat: Lawns, grasslands, waste places. 
Smaller than the preceding species, the leaves very slender, 
deeply pinnatifid, the backward-turning lobes very narrow and 
acute. Flower-heads about an inch broad, sulfur yellow, the 
outer row of tays purple on the under side ;’ bracts of the involucre 
glaucous, the outer ones lance-shaped, spreading or ascending, the 
inner row linear and usually with a small horny appendage just 
below the tips. Achenes bright brownish red, the upper part very 
spinulose, the beak less than twice the length of the achene; pap- 
pus grayish white, very fine. 
Means of control the same as for the Common Dandelion. 
FIELD SOW THISTLE 
Sénchus arvénsis, L. 
Other English names: Creeping Sow Thistle, Corn Sow Thistle, 
Milk Thistle, Swine Thistle, Gutweed. 
Introduced. Perennial. Propagates by seeds and by rootstocks. 
Time of bloom: June to August. 
Seed-time: July to September. : 
Range: Newfoundland and Nova Scotia_to Manitoba and the 
Dakotas, southward to New Jersey and Illinois. 
Habitat: Grain fields, cultivated crops, roadsides, waste places. 
A most noxious weed because of the creeping, horizontal root- 
stocks extending in all directions and putting forth new plants and 
roots at the joints; these rootstocks are rather thick, yellowish 
white, and, like all the rest of the plant, filled with a milky and 
bitter juice. Stems two to four feet tall, stout, smooth, finely 
grooved, hollow between joints. Leaves pinnatifid, the terminal 
lobe large, pointed, the lateral lobes turned backward and decreas- 
ing in size toward the base; the lower and basal leaves narrowing 
to margined petioles, the upper ones sessile and clasping by a heart- 
