li THE STING. 



The knot is provided with a pair of spiracles, 

 which are situated, as Forel states, in the front of the 

 segment, and not behind, as supposed by Latreille. 



In most entomological works it is stated that the 

 Myrmicidae have a sting, and that, on the contrary, 

 the Formicidse do not possess one. The latter family, 

 indeed, possess a rudimentary structmre representing 

 the sting, but it seems merely to serve as a support for 

 the poison duct. Dr. Dewitz, who has recently pub- 

 lished' an interesting memoir on the subject, denies 

 that the sting in Formicidse is a reduced organ, and 

 considers it rather as in an undeveloped condition. 

 The ancestors of our existing Ants, in his opinion, 

 had a large poison apparatus, with a chitinous support 

 like that now present in Formica, from which the 

 formidable weapons of the bees, wasps, and Myrmicidae 

 have been gradually developed. I confess that I am 

 rather disposed, on the contrary, to regard the con- 

 dition of the organ in Formica as a case of retrogres- 

 sion contingent upon disuse.i I find it difiBcult to 



suppose that organs — so complex, and yet so similar 



as the stings of ants, bees, and wasps, should have 

 been developed independently. 



Any opinion expressed by M. Dewitz on such a 

 subject is, of course, entitled to much weight ; never- 

 theless there are some general considerations which 

 seem to me conclusive against his view. If the sting 



' Zdt. f. miss. Zool., vol. xxviii. p. 527, 



' This view has subsequently been adopted by Dr. Beyer, Jena 

 Zeii. 1890. 



