118 ENTOMOLOGY FOR MEDICAL OFFICERS 



posterior end of the body. According to Howlett the whole 

 life-cycle of one of the Indian species, from the laying of the 

 egg to the emergence of the adult from the pupal skin, may 

 take about a month in the hot weather and two months or 

 more in the cold weather. According to Grassi the larvae 

 and pupae of P. papatasii are found in dirty cellars and dark 

 damp places containing building-materials and rubbish; and 

 Austen, summarising the recorded observations of the 

 breeding-places of the species of Phlebotomus, sees good 

 grounds for thinking that the chief situations are the walls 

 and woodwork of permanent latrines, privies, and cesspools, 

 above the level of the fluid contents. In Malta, Captain 

 Marett found both larvae and pupae in crannies in stone walls 

 and embankments and in crevices in caves — and onfy in these 

 places. 



The genus is represented in South Europe, Africa, 

 South Asia, and North and Tropical America. 



I. European Species. 



Phlebotomus papatasii, Scopoli. Pale yellowish-grey ; 

 thorax with a dull red-brown median stripe, and a spot of 

 the same colour on either side. Abdominal hairs more or 

 less erect. Second segment of palpi a little longer than 3rd. 

 Average length of hind leg 4 mm. Terminal segment of 

 upper clasper of male slightly longer than the lower clasper. 



Phlebotomus mascittii, Grassi. Differs from P. papatasii 

 only in the form of the male claspers, the five spines of the 

 terminal segment of the upper clasper being very long and 

 falciform. 



Phlebotomus perniciosus, Newstead. Thorax with or 

 without dull red spots arranged in a triangle. Abdominal 

 hairs more or less erect. Second and 3rd segments of palpi 

 equal in length. Average length of hind leg 3 mm. 

 Terminal segment of upper clasper of male hardly half the 

 length of the lower clasper. 



Phlebotomus minutus, Rondani. Length of female 2 mm., 

 of male considerably less. Integument ochreous. Second 

 segment of palpi half the length of the 3rd. Abdominal 

 hairs recumbent. Terminal segment of upper clasper of 

 male with only four spines. 



