MUSCIDiE: THE BLOOD-SUCKING MUSCIDJE 165 



The maxillary palps (Fig. 65) are slender, and are as 

 long as the proboscis, to which, in repose, they are applied 

 so as to form a sort of loose sheath. 



The hypopygium of the male (Fig. 66) has the form of a 

 large oval swelling lying upon and in great part concealing 

 the ventral surface of the 7th abdominal segment. The anal 

 slit bisects the swelling anteriorly, and gives the organ 

 somewhat the appearance of the pudenda (muliebria). In 

 front of the hypopygium, on the venter of the 6th segment, 

 is a pair of smaller tumours, which Austen, with deplorable 

 irreverence to the ghosts of the heroes, has named Hectors. 

 When the hypopygium is turned back it is seen to consist of 



Fio. 67.— Pupa of 

 Glosnno,, 



Fig. (36 Hypopygium of male 



a "nest" of 3 highly modified segments, the outermost of 

 which carries a pair of large claw-like or talon-like claspers. 



The method of reproduction, which was discovered by Sir 

 David Bruce, is like that of the Pupipara. The female bears 

 a single larva at a time, retaining it and nourishing it 

 within the oviduct until it is full grown. Immediately the 

 larva is born it seeks refuge in the ground and transforms to 

 a pupa. The larva is of a yellowish-white colour, is com- 

 posed of the usual 12 segments, and has a finely granular 

 cuticle ; at its posterior end there is a pair of large dark- 

 coloured knuckle-like protuberances, in a depression between 

 which lie the spiracles. The pupa (Fig. 6'j') is broadly ovoid 

 in shape, with the posterior larval protuberances persistent, 

 and is usually of a dark brown colour. 



