82 BOOK OF OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS 



section are the self-clinging Ampelopsis Veitchii, the 

 blue and the white Passion-flowers, numerous varieties 

 of Clematis, the winter-blooming Jasminum nudiflorum. 

 Wistaria, Honeysuckles, Bignonia radicans, and many 

 of the Roses and Vines ; whilst against walls facing 

 north we may grow Tropaeolum speciosum. Clematis 

 flammula, the Evergreen and Boursault Roses and the 

 Virginian Creeper. The Evergreens mostly prosper 

 with any aspect. Among the best are the various Ivies 

 and Cotoneasters and Crataegus pyracantha. 



The trees and shrubs which may be used are 

 numerous ; but for dense hedges perhaps the most 

 useful are Holly, White Thorn, Privet, Barberry, Laurel, 

 Box and Yew. Where possible, the straight line of a 

 long clipped hedge may be broken by groups of shrubs 

 planted within, unless a formal garden effect be desired. 

 It is well to distinguish between the use of shrubs or 

 trees as bounding fences or screens and their use as 

 beautiful individual plants ; and, when a dense screen 

 is required, to obtain it by means of suitable trees and 

 a properly made and properly shorn hedge rather than 

 by a thickly-planted and therefore overcrowded " shrub- 

 bery." Whether it be trees or shrubs or climbing 

 plants that we propose to plant, the ground should be 

 deeply trenched and well manured, so that annual 

 meddling about the roots may not be required. Whilst 

 a certain proportion of evergreen shrubs, such as the 

 beautiful hollies and barberries, should be used, it is 

 nadesirable to make too free a use of non-deciduous 

 plants. The ordinary overcrowded laurel and privet 

 shrubbery is hideous and depressing. 



Trees and shrubs, however, are useful not only for 

 the shelter and seclusion which they yield, but also 

 for their delightful summer shade. In one of his essays, 

 Emerson quotes an Arabian poet's description of his 

 hero : — 



