THE WARY WOLF © 155 
same wolf in Florida and Alaska, in Labrador 
and Arizona. In different localities he varied 
in size, colour, and minor characteristics; he 
necessarily adapted himself to the food supply 
of his locality and followed the necessary means 
of getting his food. But everywhere he was 
really the same gray wolf. 
The present wolf population of the United 
States is not numerous; but it is active, ag- 
gressive, and destructive. The animal prob- 
ably has been exterminated in most of the 
Eastern States and in California. The coyote 
probably is economically more beneficial to 
man than the gray wolf, and does less damage 
to man’s cattle. 
In common with most animals, wolves live 
on a fixed or home range. They spend their 
life in one locality. This has a diameter of 
fifteen or twenty miles. To a certain extent 
its area and form are dependent on the food 
supply and the topography. One wolf that I 
knew of had a home range that measured forty 
by ten miles. 
Much of the time wolves run in pairs; and, 
from both my own observation and that of 
others, I believe they commonly mate for life. 
Their home is a den. This most frequently is 
upon a southern slope. It may be of their own 
digging or a badger or a prairie-dog hole which 
