WINTER WAYS OF ANIMALS 167 
summer. But one snowy time they were gone. 
I found them about fifteen miles to the west, 
where either less snow had fallen or the wind 
had partly swept it away. The antelope were 
in good condition. While I watched them a 
number started a race. 
The wolves had also moved. A number of 
these big gray fellows were near the antelope. 
Just what the other antelope and the other 
wolves who used this locality did about these 
new folks, I cannot guess. 
Mountain deer and elk who usually range 
high during the summer go to the lowlands or 
several miles down the mountains for the win- 
ter. They may thus be said to migrate ver- 
tically. One thousand feet of descent equals, 
approximately, the climatic changes of a thou- 
sand-mile southward journey. They may thus 
winter from five to twenty-five miles from where 
they summered, from one thousand to several 
thousand feet lower. The elk that. winter in 
the Jackson Hole region have a summer range 
on the mountains forty or fifty miles away. 
But elk and deer that have a home territory 
in the lowlands are likely to be found summer 
after summer in the same small, unfenced pas- 
ture. 
Moose, caribou, deer, and elk during heavy 
snows often resort to yarding. Moose and 
