POMPECKJ. JURASSIC FAUNA OF CAPE FLORA. [norw. pol. exp. 



the water-course, thus causing fresh exposures. Some too, were dug out 



of the clay, and they were consequently all of them found in situ. These 



fossils were embedded free in the clay, and were very fi-agile, especially 



a large lamellibranch which I at first thought was a Peden, but which 



appears to be an Avicula (Pseudomonotis) (see Pompeckj later). Some 



valves of this genus were found fairly entire in the clay, but no sooner 



were they dug out than they fell to pieces, and were extremely difficult 



to preserve^. The two nodules of marl, containing fossils, were also found 



in situ, and were dug out of the clay. They were a foot or more in 



diameter, and were not so lentoid or rounded as the nodules found at higher 



horizons in the strata, but had rounded edges. I did not find any other 



nodules embedded in the clay in this place. This locality was also 



visited by Dr. Kcettlitz, and some fossils from it are described by Newton 2. 



(b) In the same bank above the shore, from to 13.7 metres (45 feet, 



above sea-level, and only some 400 metres to the south-east (just south 



of Elmwood, fig. 1,6; fig. 2,6), it might naturally be expected that the 



deposits exposed would be exactly similar. These beds, however, show a 



striking difference; they have a much more distinctly stratified appearance, 



and are considerably more sandy in their composition. They are composed 



of sand, or clayey sand, and partly pebbles, interstratified with thin, black, 



carboniferous, to .some extent sandy bands, generally less than half an 



inch thick, and sometimes containing small carbonized remains of wood. 



No fossils were found in these strata, although Dr. Kcettlitz dug into 



them for some distance (see above p. 10). 



These strata (b) are evidently estuarine (or fresh water) deposits, or are 

 at any rate deposited in quite shallow sea, and probably belong to a 

 lower horizon than the clay beds with fossils, just described, only some 

 400 or 500 metres farther to the north-west. There may have been a 

 slight dislocation, bringing these strata to a somewhat lower level to 

 the north. 



1 They had a white coating, which, according to Pompeckj, is composed of crystals of 

 gypsum. 



a L. c. 1897, pp. 501-502; and 1898, p. 650. Koettlitz's description, 1. c. (1898), p. 637, 

 may give the impression that these lowest strata with marine fossils „were traced for 

 some distance both eastward and westward from Elmwood ;" but this has certainly 

 not been his opinion, as they have only been found north-west of Elmwood, and are 

 distinctly different from the strata (b) found south or south-east of this place. 



