NO. 2.] GEOLOGICAL SKETCH BY NANSEN. 17 



„(2) Black material like the preceding, but broken into fine particles and 



powder, 1 V2 inch thick. 

 „(3) Greenish-grey shale, 3 inches thick. 

 „(4) A lighter-coloured brownish clay-shale, the thickness of which is not 



recorded". 



I may add to this description that the „black shale 4 inches thick" (1), 

 immediately below and in contact with the basalt, was more solid and harder 

 than the ordinary soft, tenacious clay underlying it. It had evidently been 

 somewhat hardened by the basalt. I brought home some pieces of this shale 

 with adhering pieces of the basalt, showing the contact between them. These 

 pieces have been examimed by Prof; Brogger, and he has not been able to 

 find any indication of a regular contact-metamorphosis in the shale. This 

 appears to be a decisive proof that the basalt cannot be intrusive. 



The two thin layers (IV2 inch and 3 inches) below this shale were not 

 much harder than the ordinary clay, but were not so tenacious, and differed 

 somewhat in colour, being darker. 



The thickness of the fourth layer, the „ lighter-coloured brownish-shale", 

 cannot be stated, as we found no difference in appearance between this layer 

 and the underlying soft, tenacious clay which forms the chief component of 

 the Jurassic deposits of Cape Flora. 



6. Doubtful horizon. Fig. 1, g, and h; fig. 3, h. 



In my diary for Sunday, July 12'^ 1896, I find the following entry: 

 „Made, together with Dr. Koetthtz, Johansen and Armitage, a good collection 

 of belemnites, ammonites, etc. in a moraine (?) at the margin of the glacier 

 west" (should be north-west) „of Elmwood (about IV2 kilometres distant), 30 

 to 60 metres (100 to 200 feet) above sea-level. The belemnites and some 

 ammonites were found chiefly in one small area by a water-course, just 

 at the margin of the glacier. They were lying loose on the surface of clayey 

 mud, probably pushed out from under the glacier(?). The slope of the latter was 

 not steep, so that the fossils could not have fallen down from above, and could 

 hardly, in my opinion, have been in situ much higher than they were found, 

 which was about 200 feet above the sea. In the same place, I also found a 

 short piece of a Pentacrinus-stem. Some fragments of belemnites and 

 ammonites were lying loose on a bare rock, protruding through the glacier 



