18 POMPECKJ. JURASSIC FAUNA OF CAPE FLORA. [norw. pol. exp. 



some 30 paces within its margin. On one spot, somewhat lower in the same 

 moraine(?) or talus, the ground for some distance was completely overstrewn 

 with large and small pieces of marly limestone with cone-in-cone structure, 

 such as occur in great quantities in several places on Cape Flora. I have, 

 as a rule, found this cone-in-cone limestone less than 100 feet above the sea, and 

 hardly ever higher than 150 feet. Where it occurs, there are generally great 

 quantities of loose fragments of it, strewn about on the surface of the talus 

 or raised beaches ; and only very rarely are fossils found amongst these loose- 

 lying fragments, or in their immediate neighbourhood. Kcettlitz tells me, how- 

 ever, that he has found single ammonites on a spot where numerous pieces 

 of this hmestone occurred. On the spot mentioned above (in the „moraine") 

 we could easily have taken away sledge-loads of this stone with cone-in-cone 

 structure". 



„Below a basalt-rock some short distance south-east of this glacier, there 

 was a gently-sloping clay plain, which was covered with scattered pieces of 

 „clay-sandstone"^ amongst which ammonites and belemnites were found. This 

 plain was hardly more than 80 — 120 feet above sea-level". 



Thus far my diary. The words „glacier" and „moraine", in this descrip- 

 tion, are perhaps somewhat misleading, as the latter was probably only the 

 ordinary talus, partly covered with heaps of the basaltic debris, and the „glacier" 

 was simply the extensive sheet of snow and ice covering the ground, often 

 to a considerable depth, and which had not melted beyond this spot that 

 summer. But in a recent letter. Dr. Koettlitz says that in the summer of 

 1897, there was „such an exceptional thaw, that much more of the ice and 

 snow was cleared off the surface than usual everywhere, so that here those 

 places which you describe in your diary as „a moraine at the margin of the 

 glacier", were quite 100 yards away from its margin that summer. This 

 place, I should say, is at least 150 feet above the sea." 



It will be understood that this „glacier" or covering of ice and snow is 

 stationary, and thus cannot at present carry any moraine material of impor- 

 tance, either on its surface or underneath it, and the expression „pushed out 



1 This is only an expression used for shortness in my diary. The stones were for the 

 most part composed of calcareous concretionary clay, or phosphoritic and calcareous 

 clay. There was only very little clay-sandstone. See Pompeckj, chap. II. 



