NO. 2.] PAL^O-GEOGRAPHICAL REMARKS. 143 



nian, was separated, as "Scandinavian Island" (Neumayr), from the Eurasian 

 continent, by the Russian sea. Probably Spitzbergen was connected with the 

 Callovian land of Franz Josef Land, as seems evident from the resemblance 

 of the Upper Jurassic floras of these regions to one another 1. 



Towards the east, the above-mentioned continuation of the North Rus- 

 sian Callovian sea extended — probably north of Novaja Semlja — as far 

 as Alaska. This seems evident from the occurrence in Alaska of Gadoceras 

 species closely allied to our own. 



Towards the end of the Callovian, the sea vanished from the south 

 of Franz Josef Land towards the south. The region of Franz Josef Land 

 became mainland, while simultaneously — during the Oxfordian — a partial 

 overflow of Spitzbergen and Novaja Semlja took place. 



Was the region of Cape Flora (and the southern part of Franz Josef 

 Land generally) continuously covered by the sea, from the Bajocian until the 

 end of the Callovian? This question cannot at present be answered. 



Between the Bajocian exposed at Elmwood, and the Lower Callovian 

 observed at the south-western end of Windy Gully, there lies a series of 

 rocks several hundred ft. in thickness, from which there are no fossils that 

 we know of. Fossils alone might give information as to whether the younger 

 Bajocian and the Bathonian are here developed in marine formation or not. 



Here it might be possible to determine whether the fauna of the Callo- 

 vian of Gape Flora has sprung from the fauna of the polar Balhonian sea. 

 Here too lies the clue to the answering of the question, whether Koken ^ 

 is right in supposing that in the Callovian period, Russia was overflowed 

 simultaneously from Central Europe and from the north. 



The small fauna of the Callovian of Gape Flora really contains nothing 

 which might entitle it to be called the indigenous fauna of a polar Callovian 

 sea. At present we can only name the group of MacrocephalUes IsIwkb Keys. 

 sp. with its members also found at Cape Flora, as specifically northern. But 

 this group may just as well have originated in the Russian Callovian sea, 

 from the MacrocephalUes that migrated thither from Central and Western 

 Europe, as in the polar sea from the MacrocephalUes that migrated thither 

 from Yorkshire, through the Shetland Straits. There is no justification for 



' A. G. Nathorst, K. Svensk. Vet. Ak. Hand!., vol. 30, No. 1, 1897, p. 74. 

 2 E. Koken, 'Die Vorwelt,' p. 321. 



