60 Frerp Museum or Natura History — Zoéxocy, Vor. XI. 
Skull more than 15 inches long (average 
adult, 22 to 23 inches); antlers heavy, broad, 
much flattened and largely in one piece, without 
long irregular branches; tines extending in sim- 
ple points from the edge of the main part of the 
antler; upper canines absent; female without 
antlers; general body color, brownish black; end 
of nose covered with hair (except a narrow slit 
between nostrils). ! Moose. 
Paralces americanus, p 74. 
Subfamily CERVIN/. 
Genus ODOCOILEUS Rafin. 
Odocoileus Rafinesque, Atlantic Journal, I, No. 3, 1832, p. 109. Type 
Odocoileus speleus Rafin.= Cervus dama americanus Erxleben. 
Lateral hoofs developed but comparatively small; terminal half of 
antlers curved forward, the tines extending from back side of antler; 
antlers (normally) in male only; upper canines absent; exposed meta- 
tarsal gland on outer side of leg; lateral metacarpals complete. 
Dental formula:* 1.2—°, C. S—°, Pm. 373, M. 33 35, 
373 I~I 37-3 373 
Odocoileus virginianus (Bopp.). 
VIRGINIA DEER. WHITE-TAILED DEER. 
Cervus virginianus Bopp., Elench. Animal, I, 1785, p. 136. ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. 
Nat. Hist., XIII, 1869 (1871), p. 186 (Iowa). 
Cervus Virginianus KENNICOTT, Trans. Ill. State Agr. Soc., I, 1853-54 (1855), p. 580 
(Cook Co., Illinois). 
Cariacus virginianus GARMAN, Bull. Essex Inst., XXVI, 1894, p. 4 (Kentucky). 
Odocoileus virginianus ALLEN, Amer. Nat., XXXIV, 1900, p. 318. Haun, Proc. 
U.S. Nat. Mus., XXXII, 1907, p. 456 (Indiana). Jb., Ann, Rept. Dept. Geol. 
Nat. Resources Ind., 1908 (1909), p. 457 (Indiana). 
Odontocelus americanus Ev.iot, Field Mus. Pub., Zool. Ser., VI, 1905, P- 43. 
Odocoileus americanus Woop, Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist., VIII, IgI0, p. 516 
(Illinois). 
Type locality — Virginia. 
Distribution — Formerly middle United States, from north of Florida 
and the Gulf states to about latitude 43, and west to the plains; 
beyond these limits slightly different geographical races occur (see 
map). Now probably extinct in Illinois and in the more settled 
portions of its former range. 
* Although having the appearance of an incisor, 
ae ise osteologi i 
lateral incisoform tooth to be really a canine. OBIS Consider the toureh 
