Fres., 1912. Mammats oF ILLINOIS AND WISCONSIN — Cory. 67 
Genus CERVUS Linn. 
Cervus Linneeus, Syst. Nat., X ed., I, 1758, p. 66. Type Cervus elaphus 
Linn. 
Size, large; upper canines usually present; antlers, large, turned 
backward with the tines extending forward; basal tines present and 
extending over forehead; antlers normally in male only; lateral meta- 
carpals incomplete. 
Dental formula: I. ; M2 Se 32 OF 34. 
Cervus canadensis (ERXLEBEN). 
AMERICAN ELK. WapPITI. 
[Cervus elaphus] canadensis ERXLEBEN, Syst. Regni Anim., I, 1777, p. 305. 
Elaphus Canadensis LapHaM, Trans. Wis. State Agr. Soc., II, 1852 (1853), p. 340. 
Kennicott, Trans. Ill. State Agr. Soc., I, 1853-54 (1855), p. 580 (Cook Co., 
Illinois). 
Elaphus canadensis DE Kay, Zoology of New York, Pt. I, Mammalia, 1842, p. 119. 
AUDUBON & BACHMAN, Quadrupeds of N. Amer., II, 1851, p. 83. 
Cervus canadensis Mites, Rept. Geol. Surv. Mich., 1860 (1861), p. 222 (Michigan). 
ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIII, 1869 (1871), p. 184 (Iowa). Caton, 
Antelope and Deer of America, 1877, p. 80 (Illinois). OsBorn, Proc. Iowa 
Acad. Sci., I, 1887-89 (1890), p. 42 (Iowa). Herrick, Geol. & Nat. Hist. Surv. 
Minn., Bull. No. 7, 1892, p. 278 (Minnesota). GarMAN, Bull. Essex Inst., 
XXVI, 1894, p. 4 (Kentucky). Ruoaps, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1896 
(1897), p. 180 (Tennessee). Jackson, Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc., VI, 1908, p. 
15 (Wisconsin). Ho ister, Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc., VI, 1908, p. 137 (Wis- 
consin). Haun, Ann. Rept. Dep. Geol. & Nat. Resources Ind., 1908 (1909), 
p. 454 (Indiana). F. E. Woop, Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1910, p 
515 (Illinois). N.A. Woop, Mich. Geol. & Biol. Surv. Pub., IV, 1911, p. 309 
(Michigan). 
Cervus Canadensis Toomas, Trans. Ill. State Agr. Soc., IV, 1859-60 (1861), p. 651 
(Illinois). Stronc, Geol. Wis., Surv. 1873-79, I, 1883, p. 437 (Wisconsin). 
Hoy, Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts & Letters, V, 1882, p. 256 (Wisconsin). 
Type locality — Eastern Canada. 
Distribution — Formerly throughout the greater portion of middle and 
northern United States, and in eastern Canada north to about the 
latitude of Montreal; further west its Canadian range extended 
gradually further north, until in Alberta it reached at least to lati- 
tude 56°. At the present time it is found in a wild state practically 
only in the Rocky Mountain region* from Colorado to Alberta. 
A slightly different subspecies, C. ¢. occidentalis, occurs in Wash- 
ington, Oregon, and British Columbia, and closely allied species are 
found in California (C. nannoides) and in the mountains of Arizona 
and New Mexico (C. merriami). 
*It is claimed that a few of these animals still exist in northern Minnesota. 
