Fres., 1912. Mammats of ILLINoIs AND WISCONSIN — Cory. 75 
Moose (Alce) Apams, Rept. State Board Geol. Surv. Mich., 1905 (1906), p. 131 
(Michigan). 
Type locality — North America. 
Distribution — British America and in Maine, Minnesota, and the Rocky 
Mountains from Wyoming northward; casual or accidental elsewhere 
in extreme northern United States, formerly considerably further 
south;* replaced in Alaska by another and larger species. 
Description — Adult male in winter: Antlers very large and broadly 
palmate; general color of hair blackish or blackish brown; under 
parts blackish brown, except lower belly, which is pale brownish 
gray; inside and entire lower portion of legs brownish gray; more or 
less gray on muzzle; tail very short, black, tipped with a few gray 
hairs; dewlapt (a pendulous “‘bell’’ hanging from the neck) black; 
end of nose between nostrils almost entirely covered with hair except 
a very narrow triangular bare space. 
Adult female: Similar but smaller and without antlers; ‘‘bell”’ 
present but small. 
In summer: Rather lighter in color and legs tawny gray. T: he 
young is reddish brown without spots. 
Measurements — Length, 81% to 9 feet; tail 214 inches; height at 
shoulder, 534 to 61% feet; average spread of antlers in adult, 52 
to 58 inches; length of antlers, 40 to 45 inches. 
Moose were abundant in Wisconsin up to the middle of the last 
century, and more or less common in a few localities at a much later 
date. It is not unlikely that even at the present time one or two in- 
dividuals may still be found in the extreme northwestern part of the 
state. 
In 1881 Dr. Hoy writes, ‘‘Moose, Alce Americanus, continue to 
* There is little doubt that in the early part of the 18th century the range of the 
Moose extended in New England at least so far south as Massachusetts and possibly 
northern Pennsylvania. Catesby estimates the southern limit of its range to have 
been about latitude 40°, but his opinion was based upon hearsay evidence and is of 
little value (Nat. Hist. Carolina, II, 1743, p. xxvii). Several ancient writers 
state that Moose were common in New England, but with few exceptions they are not 
specific as to localities. Paul Dudley, however, says, ‘‘A few years since a Gentle- 
man surprised one of these black Moose in his Grounds within two miles of Boston; 
it proved a Doe or Hind of the fourth year; after she was dead, they measured her 
upon the Ground, from the Nose to the Tail, between ten and eleven Feet, She 
wanted an Inch of seven Foot in height.” (Phil. Trans., XXXI, No. 386, 1721, p. 
166.) Wm. Wood also informs us that ‘There be not many of these in Massa- 
chusetts Bay, but forty miles to the northeast there be great store of them” (New 
England’s Prospect, 1634). It is claimed that Moose antlers were found in a salt 
lick in northern Pennsylvania in the Alleghany Mountains near the New York state 
line (Doughty’s Cabinet Nat. Hist. I, 1830, p. 281). 
} The bell varies in length but is usually from 8 to 12 inches, Mr. E. T. Seton 
records a freak specimen having a bell 38 inches long (Life Hist. of Northern Animals, 
I, 1909, p. 163). 
