Fes., 1912. Mammats or ILLIno1is anp Wisconsin — Cory. 83 
killed near Ralph, Michigan, in November, 1905, about 18 miles from 
here.” Mr. E. G. Kingsford of Iron Mountain, Michigan, writes, “I 
have a fine pair of horns of a Caribou that was killed near Lake Ver- 
million, St. Louis County, Minnesota, in 1897, or about that time, so 
I think there is no reason why it should not have been found in the 
northwestern part of Wisconsin.” 
Miles includes it in his list of Michigan mammals and there is no 
question that in early days the species was not uncommon on Isle 
Royale. Baird and Gillman record it from there and the former 
figures a pair of antlers found on the Island (/.c., p. 634). It is probable 
that it still occurs more or less regularly on Isle Royale, as Adams 
reports four Caribou having been seen by trappers in that locality on, 
March 27, 1904; and on April 16, 1905, nine were seen on the ice near 
Rock Harbor (/.c., p. 396). These animals had undoubtedly crossed 
on the ice from the main land, as the species is not uncommon in parts 
of northern Minnesota and along the north shore of Lake Superior.* 
The Woodland Caribou is naturally a forest dweller frequenting 
the vicinity of water. During the greater part of the year it is usually 
found in small bands, and even during the semiannual migrations in 
spring and fall, when most of these animals move north or south, they 
do not congregate in such great herds as do their northern congeners. 
It has been claimed by several writers that more than a dozen or fifteen 
of these animals are rarely found together. This is probably true in 
many localities where Caribou are comparatively scarce; but the 
statement can hardly be considered accurate, if applied to the species 
as a whole. Macfarlane says, ‘‘Herds of the woodland species seldom 
exceed thirty or forty individuals, except in the autumn, when some- 
times a large number congregate together’; and I have been told 
by old hunters that in the vicinity of English River (north of Lake 
Superior) in early days herds of fifty or more were not uncommon. 
The food of the Woodland Caribou largely consists of ‘‘Caribou 
moss” (Cladonia) and other lichens, in addition to which, in the sum- 
mer season, they eat aquatic plants and leaves and buds of various 
kinds. 
One or two fawns are born late in May or in June. The young 
when first born are usually unspotted, but occasionally have a few 
irregular whitish spots on the body, which are but faintly indicated 
and disappear at an early age. 
A noticeable peculiarity of these animals is the clicking sound made 
* Miller states that in 1896 Caribou were abundant on the north shore of Lake 
Superior; he saw heads, antlers, and jaws of these animals at White River, Peninsular 
Harbor, Schrerber, and Nepigon (J. c., p. 40). 
{ Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVIII, 1905, p. 680. 
