254 Firtp Museum oF NaturaL History — ZooLoey, Vor. XI. 
Subfamily ERETHIZONTIN/. 
Genus ERETHIZON F. Cuvier. 
Erethizon F. Cuvier, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, IX, 1822, p. 436. 
Type Hystrix dorsata Linn. 
Body covered with hair mixed with quills or spines on back and 
sides, the spines loosely attached to the skin; tail short, thickly spiny 
and non-prehensile; toes four in front and five behind, armed with 
strong curved claws; ears short; mamme 4, all pectoral; czecum long; * 
the gall bladder apparently absent; skull with facial portion short; 
a horizontal process of the maxillary extends outward, joining the 
zygoma forming a large antorbital vacuity and having the appearance 
of a second zygoma (see fig. 6, p. 96); auditory meatus with protrud- 
ing edge; crowns of molars with enamel folds and more or less com- 
pletely rooted; tibia and fibula separate and not anchylosed below. 
Dental formula: I. EC e » Pa es Me, 
I-I o-0 I-I 3-3 
Erethizon dorsatum (Linn.). 
CANADA PORCUPINE. 
[Hystrix] dorsata LINN&uS, Syst. Nat., X ed., I, 1858, p. 57. 
Hystrix Hudsonius LapHaM, Trans. Wis. State Agr. Soc., IT, 1852 (1853), p. 340 
(Wisconsin). Haymonp, Rept. Geol. Surv. Ind., 1869, p. 208 (Indiana). 
Erethizon dorsatus KENNtcottT, Agr. Rept. for 1857, U. S. Patent Office Rept., 1858, 
p. 91 (Illinois, Indiana). Muves, Rept. Geol. Surv. Mich., I, 1860 (1861), p. 221 
(Michigan). Herrick, Geol. & Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn., Bull. No. 7, 1892, p. 246 
(Minnesota). EVvERMANN & BUTLER, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1893 (1894), p. 125 
(Indiana). 
Hystrix dorsata STRONG, Geol. Wis., Surv. 1873-79, 1883, p. 440 (Wisconsin). 
Erethizon dorsatum Apams, Rept. State Board Geol. Surv. Mich., 1905 (1906), p. 129 
(Michigan). Jackson, Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc., VI, 1908, p. 24 (Wisconsin). 
Haun, Ann. Rept. Dept. Geol. & Nat. Resources Ind., 1908 (1909), p. 530 
(Indiana). EVERMANN & CLARK, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., XIII, 1911, p. 2 
(Indiana). 
Type locality — Eastern Canada. 
Distribution — At present, northern North America south to Maine, 
the mountains of Pennsylvania, northern Michigan, Wisconsin and 
Minnesota. Formerly its range extended south to Indiana. 
Description — Hair on upper parts mixed with quills or spines; general 
color dark brown to nearly black, often mixed with yellowish white 
hairs; hair of upper parts long, nearly or quite concealing the quills 
* Beddard gives the length of the cecum in Ervethizon as 2 feet 4 inches (Mam- 
malia, 1902, p. 499). 
