Fes., 1912. MAMMALS OF ILLINOIS AND WISCONSIN—CoRY. 297 
draweth unto him a Calfe that wandereth from the dam; for by singular 
treacherie he taketh him by the nose, first drawing him forwarde, and 
then the poore beast striveth and draweth backward, and thus they 
struggle together, one pulling one way, and the other another, till at 
last the Wolfe perceiving advantage, and feeling when the Calfe pulleth 
heavyest, suddenly he letteth go his hold, whereby the poore beast 
falleth back upon his buttocks, and so doune right upon his backe; 
then flyeth the Wolfe to his belly which is then his upperpart, and 
easily teareth out his bowels, so satisfieng his hunger-greedy appetite; 
But if they chance to see a Beast in the water, or in the marsh em- 
combred with mire, they come round about him, stopup al the passages 
where he shold come out, baying at him, and threatning him, so as the 
poore distressed Oxe plungeth himself many times over head and ears, 
or at the least wise they so vex him in the mire, that they never suffer 
him to come out alive. At last when they perceive him to be dead 
and cleane without life by suffocation, It is notable to observe their 
singular subtility to draw him out of the mire, whereby they may eat 
him; for one of them goeth in, and taketh the beast by the taile, who 
draweth with all the power he can, for wit without strength may better 
kill a live Beast, than remove a dead one out of the mire; therefore he 
looketh behind him and calleth for more helpe, then presently another 
of the Wolves taketh the first Wolves tail in his mouth, and the third 
Wolfe the seconds, a fourth the thirds, a fifth the fourths, and so for- 
ward, encreasing their strength, until they have pulled the beast out 
into the dry lande.”’ 
Domestic Dogs of the present day are members of this family and 
are claimed to be divisible into nearly two hundred so-called species 
or varieties. Their ancestry is veiled by the mist of ages, although it is 
probable that they are descendants of several wild species including 
Wolves and Jackals; but they have become so differentiated by admix- 
ture during the centuries they have existed in a non-feral condition that 
the characters of the original type or types have been lost. Beddard 
says, ‘There seems to be no doubt that the Dog was the ‘friend of 
man’ in very early times. Its remains have been met with in Danish 
kitchen-middens, in the lake-dwellings of the Swiss lakes, and during the 
Bronze Age in Europe generally. But ‘there are few more vexed ques- 
tions in the archeology of natural history than the origin of the Dog.’ 
Its remains already referred to may in many cases have argued its use 
as food. But in a Neolithic barrow a Dog was found buried with a 
woman, the skeleton of both being in situ; this animal was about the 
size of a Shepherd Dog.’’* 
* Mammalia, 1902, p. 422. 
