Fes., 1912. Mammats or ILLINOIS AND WISCONSIN — Cory. 307 
the species which is found in Florida continuing the habit when the 
occasion for it no longer exists.* 
Two genera and some fifteen species and subspecies are found in 
North America, but only one, the Black Bear, Ursus americanus, 
occurs within our limits. 
Genus URSUS Linnzus. 
Ursus Linneus, Syst. Nat., X ed., I, 1758, p. 47. Type Ursus arctos 
Linn. 
Size large; feet plantigrade; claws not retractile; toes 5 on both 
fore and hind feet; tail very short; true molars with broad tuberculate 
crowns; upper carnassial smaller than 1st molar, having a broad crown 
with elongated cusps; audital bulle depressed and but very slightly in- 
flated; color of our species black or brown. 
Dental formula: I. So, C=, Pm, ame M. ——=42. 
3:8 I-I 4-4 3-3 
Subgenus EUARCTOS Gray. 
Ursus americanus PALtas. 
Brack Bear. 
Ursus americanus PauLas, Spicilegia Zoologica, fasc. 14, 1780, p. 5. LAPHAM, 
Trans. Wis. State Agr. Soc., II, 1852 (1853), p. 338 (Wisconsin). KENNICOTT, 
Trans. Ill. State Agr. Soc., I, 1853-54 (1855), p. 578 (Cook Co., Illinois). Jb., 
Agr. Rept. for 1858, U. S. Patent Office Rept., 1859, p. 251 (Illinois). THomas, 
Trans. Ill. State Agr. Soc., IV, 1859-60 (1861), p. 655 (Illinois). STRONG, 
Geol. Wis., Surv. 1873-79, I, 1883, p. 437 (Wisconsin). Herrick, Geol. 
Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn., Bull. No. 7, 1892, p. 140 (Minnesota). EVvERMANN & 
Butter, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1893 (1894), p. 136 (Indiana). BuTLer, Proc. Ind. 
Acad. Sci., 1894 (1895), p. 84 (Indiana). Ruoaps, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
1896 (1897), p. 199 (Tennessee). Apams, Rept. State Board Geol. Surv. Mich., 
1905 (1906), p. 130 (Michigan). Hann, Ann. Rept. Dept. Geol. & Nat. Re- 
sources Ind., 1908 (1909), p. 592 (Indiana). JacKson, Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. 
Soc., VI, 1908, p. 30 (Wisconsin). Jb., VIII, 1910, p. 89 (Wisconsin). 
Ursus americana MiLEs, Rept. Geol. Surv. Mich., I, 1860 (1861), p. 220 (Michigan). 
Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., XXVI, 1894, p. 3 (Kentucky). 
Ursus arctos ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIII, 1869 (1871), p. 184 (Iowa). 
Osgorn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., I, 1887-89 (1890), p. 42 (Iowa). 
Ursus cinnamomum STRONG, Geol. Wis., Surv. 1873-79, I, 1883, p. 437 (Wisconsin). 
* The Florida Black Bear retires into its den early in January and hibernates 
until about the first of March. That this habit is due to hereditary instinct and not 
to climatic conditions or lack of food is suggested by the fact that in southeastern 
Florida the weather is warm and the berries of the palmetto (Serenoa serrulata), which 
are a favorite food of these animals, are still very abundant at that season. 
