OrpeR PRIMATES. 
MAN, APES, MONKEYS, ETC. 
This order comprises two living suborders: Lemuroidea containing 
the Lemurs; and Anthropoidea, which includes the Monkeys, Apes 
and Man. With the exception of the last no representative of the order 
occurs within our limits,* but Man has existed in North America since 
a very early period and it is obvious, from a zodlogical standpoint, 
should be included in a faunal list of the mammals of this region. 
With the exception of Man all the members of the order are nearly or 
quite covered with hair and are generally arboreal in habits. The 
nails are flattened (except in the Lemurs and Marmosets) and the hands 
are adapted for grasping, as are also the feet to a more or less degree, as 
(except in Man) the hallux or big toe is opposable to the digits. The 
orbits of the skull are surrounded by bone and the orbital and temporal 
vacuities are at least partly separated. Clavicles are always present; 
the scaphoid and lunar of the carpus are distinct; the humerus lacks 
the entepicondylar foramen and the femur a third trochanter. The 
stomach is usually simple, being sacculated only in the largely vege- 
tarian subfamily Semnopithecine; a caecum is present and large. The 
mamme are usually thoracic, always so except in some Lemurs, where 
they are also abdominal. Tail varying from very long, as in some of the 
Monkeys, to entirely absent in the higher Apes (Simiide) and Man. 
Suborder ANTHROPOIDEA. 
The Anthropoidea are divided into five families, two of which, 
Hapalide, the Marmosets, and Cebide, the American Monkeys, are 
confined to the New World; while the members of the Cercopthecide, 
the Macaques, Baboons, etc., and Simiide, which includes the Gibbons, 
Ourangs, Chimpanzees, and Gorillas, are all Old World forms. The 
fifth family, Hominide, Man, contains but one living genust, Homo, 
* Fossil remains of Monkeys and J.emurine mammals have been found in Wyom- 
ing. (See Wortman, Amer. Journ. Sci., XV, 1903, p. 191; and Osborn, The Age of 
Mammals, I910, p. 134.) 
_ | Authorities differ as to whether the fossil genus Pithecanthropus belongs to 
this family or to the Simiide. Osborn places it in the Hominide (I. v., p. 545). 
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