CHAPTER V. 



THE FAMILIES. 



RAPTORES, or Birds of Prey ; with powerful claws, sharp 

 curving bill, and a cere at the base of the bill. 

 Strigid^ (Owls) — head large, face round, eyes in front. i6i- 1 70. 

 VuLTURlDiE (Vultures) — crown bald or downy. 1 71-172. 

 FalconiD/E (Eagles and Hawks) — crown feathered. 1 73- 19S. 



NON-RAPTORES— 



1. With three toes. 



2. With four toes. 

 Three toes — 



1. United as far as the claws. 



2. United as far as the second joint. 



3. United at base. 



4. Divided throughout. 

 United as far as the claws — 



Alcid^ (Auks, Guillemots, Puffin, and Razorbill) — wings fin* 



like ; tail rudimentary. 373-379. 

 Larid^ (in respect of most specimens of the genus Rissa, the 



Kittiwake) — wings long, remiges 31 ; tail not wedge shaped. 



367- 

 Pteroclid^ (Pallas's Sand Grouse)— wings long ; tail wedge 



shaped and of 16 feathers. 268. 

 Procellariid^ (in respect of the one genus Oceanites, 



Wilson's Petrel) — legs long. 398. 

 United as far as the second joint — 



CEdicnemiDjE (Stone Curlew) — remiges 29. 290. 

 United near base — 

 Otidid^ (Bustards) — -toes edged with membrane. 287-289. 

 CharadRUD^ (Plovers, with the exception of the Grey Plover, 



Turnstone, and Lapwing) — bill longer or shorter than head 



and not dilated at point. 292-295, 297-300, 303. 

 SCOLOPACID^ (in respect of the one genus Calidris, the 



Sanderling) — bill as long as head and dilated at point. 32.). 

 Divided throughout — 



TURNICID^ (Andalusian Bush Quail). 277. 

 Four toes — 



1. Four united. 



2. Three united ; one webbed to tarsus. 



3. Three united ; hind toe free. 



4. Two united. 



5. Lobed. 



6. Divided throughout. 



