NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 
HUBBARD MEMORIAL HALL 
SIXTEENTH AND M STREETS, WASHINGTON, D. C. 
0. H. TITTMANN 
GILBERT H. GROSVENOR, DIRECTOR AND EDITOR 
JOHN OLIVER LA GORCE 
O. P. AUSTIN 
1913-1915 
FRANKLIN Kk. LANE 
Secretary of the Interior 
HENRY F. BLOUNT 
Vice-President American Se- 
curity and Trust Company 
C. M. CHESTER 
Rear Admiral U. S. Navy, 
Formerly Supt. U.S. Naval 
Observatory 
FREDERICK V. COVILLE 
Formerly President of Wash- 
ington Academy of Sciences 
JOHN E. PILLSBURY 
Rear Admiral U. S. Navy, 
Formerly Chief Bureau of 
Navigation 
RUDOLPH KAUFFMANN 
Managing Editor The Evening 
Star 
T. L. MACDONALD 
M. D., F. A.C. S. 
S. N. D. NORTH 
Formerly Director U. S. Bu- 
reau of Census 
ASSOCIATE EDITOR 
PRESIDENT 
SECRETARY 
BOARD OF MANAGERS 
1914-1916 
ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL 
Inventor of the telephone 
J. HOWARD GORE 
Prof. Emeritus Mathematics, 
The Geo. Washington Univ. 
A. W. GREELY 
Arctic Explorer, Major Gen'l 
U.S. Army 
GILBERT H. GROSVENOR 
Editor of National Geographic 
Magazine 
GEORGE OTIS SMITH 
Director of U. S. Geological 
Survey 
O. H. TITTMANN 
Formerly Superintendent of 
U.S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- 
vey 
HENRY WHITE 
Formerly U. S. Ambassador to 
France, Italy, etc. 
JOHN M. WILSON 
Brigadier General U. S.Army, 
Formerly Chief of Engineers 
JOHN E. PILLSBURY 
JOHN JOY EDSON. 
F.B EICHELBERGER 
GEORGE W. HUTCHISON, ASSISTANT SECRETARY 
WILLIAM J. SHOWALTER 
VICE-PRESIDENT 
TREASURER 
ASSISTANT TREASURER 
ASSISTANT EDITOR 
1915-1917 
CHARLES J. BELL 
President American Security 
and Trust Company 
JOHN Joy EDSON 
President Washington Loan & 
Trust Company 
DAVID FAIRCHILD 
In Charge of Agricultural Ex- 
plorations, Dept. of Agric. 
C. HART MERRIAM 
Member National Academy of 
Sciences 
O. P. AUSTIN 
Statistician 
GEORGE R. PUTNAM 
Commissioner U.S. Bureau of 
Lighthouses 
GEORGE SHIRAS, 3D 
Formerly Member U. S. Con- 
gress, Faunal Naturalist, and 
Wild-Game Photographer 
GRANT SQUIRES 
New York 
To carry out the purpose for which it was founded twenty-six years 
ago, namely, “‘the increase and diffusion of geographic knowledge,”’ 
the National Geographic Society publishes this Magazine. All receipts 
from the publication are invested in the Magazine itself or expended 
directly to promote geographic knowledge and the study of geography. 
Articles or photographs from members of the Society, or other friends, 
are desired. For material that the Society can use, adequate remunera- 
tion is made. Contributions should be accompanied by an addressed re- 
turn envelope and postage, and be addressed: 
GILBERT H. GROSVENOR, EbIToR 
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS 
A. W. GREELY 
C. HART MERRIAM 
O. H. TITTMANN 
ROBERT HOLLISTER CHAPMAN 
WALTER T. SWINGLE 
ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL 
DAVID FAIRCHILD 
HuGH M. SMITH 
N. H. DARTON 
FRANK M. CHAPMAN 
Entered at the Post-Office at Washington, D. C., as Second-Class Mail Matter 
Copyright, 1915, by National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C. All rights reserved 
