170 BACTERIOLOGY. 
small value, but continued high temperatures not as 
great as that of fire will destroy all forms of life; thus, 
boiling or steaming in closed vessels for one-half hour 
will absolutely destroy all disease germs. 
4, Carbolic Acid Solution. Dissolve six ounces of 
carbolic acid in one gallon of hot water. This makes 
approximately a 5 per cent. solution of carbolic acid, 
which, for many purposes, may be diluted with an 
equal quantity of water. The commercial ‘‘ crude car- 
bolic acid’’ should not be used, as it does not readily 
enter into solution. Care must be taken that the pure 
acid does not come in contact with the skin. 
5. Bichloride Solution (bichloride of mercury or cor- 
rosive sublimate). Dissolve sixty grains of pulverized 
corrosive sublimate and two tablespoonfuls of common 
salt in one gallon of hot water. This solution must be 
kept in glass, earthen, or wooden vessels (not in metal 
vessels). For safety it is well to cover the solution. 
The carbolic and bichloride solutions are very pois- 
onous when taken by the mouth, but are harmless when 
used externally. 
6. Milk of Lime. This mixture is made by adding 
one quart of dry, freshly slaked lime to four or five 
quarts of water. (Lime is slaked by pouring a small 
quantity of water on a lump of quicklime. The lime 
becomes hot, crumbles, and as the slaking is completed 
a white powder results. The powder is used to make 
milk of lime.) Air-slaked lime (the carbonate) has no 
value as a disinfectant. 
7. Dry Chloride of Lime. This must be fresh and 
kept in closed vessels or packages. It should have 
the strong, pungent odor of chlorine. 
8. Formalin. Add one part of formalin to ten of 
