556 BACTERIOLOGY. 
greatly enlarged. The anthrax bacilli in these animals 
seem to live almost exclusively in the bloodvessels and 
to leave them only by means of hemorrhages. In this 
way they reach—but only late in the disease — the 
various secretions of the body, the urine, the intestinal 
secretions, and occasionally the bile. The passage of 
the anthrax bacillus from the mother to the fcetus in 
pregnant females is possible, as has been shown by the 
investigations of Strauss, Chamberlain, and others, but 
it very rarely occurs. 
Occurrence in Cattle and Sheep. Cattle and sheep 
are affected chiefly with the intestinal form of an- 
thrax, infection in these animals commonly resulting 
from the ingestion of food containing spores. The 
bacillus itself, in the absence of spores, is quickly de- 
stroyed by the gastric juice (Koch, Gaffky, Loffer). 
The disease usually takes a rapid course, and the mor- 
tality is high—70 to 80 per cent. The pathological 
lesions consist of numerous ecchymoses, enlargement of 
the lymphatic glands, serous, fatty, and hemorrhagic 
infiltration of the mediastinum and mesentery, of the 
mucous membranes of the pharynx and larynx, and 
particularly of the duodenum, great enlargement of the 
spleen, and parenchymatous changes in the lymphatic 
organs. The blood is very dark and tar-like. Bacilli 
are present in enormous masses. 
= Sheep are also subject to external anthrax, infection 
taking place by way of the skin; cattle are seldom in- 
fected in this way. At the point of inoculation there 
develops a hard, circumscribed boil—the so-called an- 
thrax carbuncle; or there may be diffuse oedema, with 
great swelling of the parts. When death occurs the 
appearances are similar to those in intestinal anthrax, 
