INDEX OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 677 
tion—viz., the streptococcus, 352, staphylococcus, 353, and pneumo- 
coccus, 353, mainly. Rather atypical pseudomembranous exudates 
are also produced occasionally by the pyogenic cocci, and fairly 
characteristic ones by the fusiform bacillus of Vincent, 354, and 
probably by other varieties. 
Distemper in Dogs. According to Schantyr (1893) the so- 
called distemper in dogs includes three different infectious diseases : 
1, abdominal typhoid, in which bacilli closely resembling those of 
typhoid fever in man are found in the blood and various organs; 
2, dog-typhoid, in which bacilli are present which are readily cul- 
tivated and stain by Gram’s method; and 3, genuine distemper, 
containing bacilli which stain by Gram’s method, but which do not 
grow, or are difficult to grow, in culture media. 
Dysentery. Trophic or amebic dysentery is probably due, in 
the majority of cases, to the presence of the ameeba coli found in 
the discharges. But this parasite has not been found in all forms 
of dysentery and in healthy stools. Among other bacteria found 
in the alvine discharges which may be concerned in the etiology of 
certain cases of dysentery are: the colon bacillus, the proteus bacil- 
lus, 542; the staphylococcus, the bacillus pyocyaneus, 539; the 
bacillus dysenterica liquefaciens, etc. 
Eczema. Various species of bacteria, micrococci and bacilli 
have been obtained from cases of eczema seborrhwicum by different 
investigators, but none of these have been shown to be specific for 
the affection. 
Empyema. The streptococcus pyogenes, 483, is the usual cause 
of purulent inflammation of the pleura, in which it is found in 60 
per cent. of cases. Empyema‘complicating pneumonia is generally 
caused by the pneumococcus of Fraenkel, 511; and tubercular empy- 
ema is due, of course, to infection by the tubercle bacillus. The 
various micro-organisms are often found together in the same case, 
with one or the other predominating. In exceptional cases still 
other varieties of bacteria, as the typhoid bacillus, may be met with. 
Endocarditis. Numerous varieties of bacteria have been found 
in pure culture or mixed in cases of ulcerative endocarditis, the 
most common being pneumococci, 509, 511, streptococci, 483, and 
staphylococci, 469; more rarely gonococci, 529, and other micro- 
cocci, and occasionally bacilli of several varieties, are found. Most 
probably the action of bacteria upon the endocardium is similar to 
that upon the bladder, and endocarditis, like cystitis, is not usually 
produced by them, unless some previous injury has been caused to 
