30 MODERN FRUIT MARKETING 
operation of packing; or apples of one variety which 
are not more than 10% below the foregoing specifica- 
tions, shall be standard grade, minimum size, 214 inches, 
if the minimum size of the apple is 214 inches in trans- 
verse diameter.’’ 
The Canadian Law says: ‘‘Fruit shall not be marked 
a fancy quality unless fruit consists of well-grown speci- 
mens of one variety, sound, uniform, and of at least 
normal size and of good color for the variety, of normal 
shape, free from worm holes, bruises, scabs and any 
other defect, and properly packed.’’ 
In the State of Oregon, where the most of our stan- 
dard apple packs originated, we find in the regulations 
of one cooperative organization the following for fancy 
apples: ‘‘All apples must be clean, fully matured, of 
good color, free from any insect, fungus, rust, decay or 
injury except where specified. Deformed apples will not 
be accepted.’’ Another western fruit distributing or- 
ganization describes its Extra Fancy as follows: ‘‘The 
grade shall consist of sound, smooth, matured, clean, 
hand-packed, well-formed apples only ; free from insects, 
diseases, blemishes, bruises, and other physical injuries, 
seald, scab, scale, sun seald, dry or bitter rot, worm, worm 
stings, worm holes, spray burns, limb rub, visible water 
core, skin punctures or skin broken at stem. All apples 
must be of good matured color, shape, and condition, 
characteristic of the variety.’’ This organization handles 
the fruit of 42 local exchanges comprising over 7,000 
growers. 
In commenting upon these various grades as estab- 
lished by law, several points are noted. First: The 
regulations all refer to only closed packages, which 
