THE EFFECTS OF STORAGE ON FRUITS 121 
sized fruit is selected in preference to the unusually 
large. 
Various cultural methods in orchard management have 
their influence on the keeping qualities of fruit. <A 
number of experiments relative to the influence of sod 
culture over clean culture for keeping qualities in stor- 
age have been conducted and the consensus of opinions 
indicate that there is no influence in favor of either 
method. It was originally supposed that apples from 
sod culture would keep better in storage. This opinion 
resulted from the fact that apples grown on sod land 
usually mature a little ahead of those where clean cul- 
ture is given. Both being picked and stored at the 
same time, the fruit from the sod would go into storage 
in more matured condition than where the clean culture 
was given. 
Later experiments showed that equally matured fruit 
from either cultures keep equally good. On the other 
hand, the types of soil where fruit is grown has a marked 
influence on the keeping qualities. Fruits that keep 
best are grown on the lighter sandy soils. They develop 
a higher color, and also mature in better shape, thus 
keeping much better in storage. Fruits from heavy 
soils, which are of a clayey type, are not so highly col- 
ored ordinarily and deteriorate in storage much more 
quickly than those from the other kinds of soil. 
The fertilizing constituents used also have a marked 
influence upon the keeping of fruit in storage. Soils 
that are too rich in nitrogen produce fruit with poor 
keeping qualities. Soils that are deficient in potash or 
phosphorus, especially the latter, do not produce good 
keeping fruit. The reasons for this is undoubtedly due 
