CHAPTER VII 
TRANSPORTATION 
Freight Cars.—For the shipping of produce to large 
markets there are four types of freight cars in use. 
They are known as the common freight, the air ventilated 
cars, the heated cars, and the refrigerator cars. The 
common freight are the cars in which ordinary mer- 
chandise is shipped and are used in a great many cases 
for fruit for short hauls, but only rarely are they used 
for fruit when shipped long distances. While in some 
eases they give satisfactory results, their use on the whole 
should be discouraged in favor of some of the other types. 
In the Northern states the common freight is used to 
some extent for the less perishable fruits, but more par- 
ticularly the air ventilated cars are used where it is not 
necessary to refrigerate the produce in transit. 
The air ventilated cars are similar to the common 
freight except that they are provided with means for 
ventilation so as to give the fruit pure air while in 
transit. Also most of the refrigerator cars are arranged 
for ventilation when ice is not used. Nearly all of the 
ventilated cars work only while in motion, having small 
openings in the front, near the end, so when the car is 
moving the air is drawn through and thus ventilation is 
provided In the colder states of the North, where fruit 
is shipped during the winter, such as apples from the 
134 
