182 MODERN FRUIT MARKETING 
sharing organization this would not be necessary. (6) 
The number and names of the directors. This is only 
required in a few states. This requirement was put in 
so that the number and names of directors for the first 
year would be known to prevent, to a certain extent, 
monopolistic tendencies of certain trusts. (7) The voting 
powers of the members of the exchange. This is worked 
out in various ways. In the case where stock is issued 
usually one vote would be allowed with each share of 
stock held. In such cases anyone having 51% of the stock 
would have a controlling vote of the exchange, and so 
some way is usually provided to prevent any member 
getting more than a 15 or 20% interest in the exchange. 
In the non-profit sharing organizations, votes are usu- 
ally cast in accordance to the fruit handled the previous 
season. For example, in a certain apple exchange, if a 
grower shipped, the previous year, 1,000 barrels of apples 
he would be given 10 votes, or one for each 100 barrels 
shipped or fraction of 100 barrels. Therefore, in the 
following year he would be entitled to 10 votes. This 
would give the larger producers a preponderance of 
power in the voting, but this is generally considered 
just because of their larger interest represented. 
All this information goes to the Secretary of State 
and is there recorded upon the books of corporations 
and becomes common knowledge to anyone who wishes 
to investigate the matter. Then, associated with these 
articles of incorporation is the constitution or by-laws 
of the organization itself. Each local organization may 
be incorporated separately, and it is not necessary for 
these organizations to all have the same articles of in- 
corporation, neither is it necessary for the local and the 
