190 MODERN FRUIT MARKETING 
usually published by the large exchanges. This includes 
for the most part a recapitulation of the general market 
conditions. It is usually put out only in the busy sea- 
son. The information collected by the sales forces and 
other branches of the work are studied over and summed 
up in a small leaflet, which is mailed out daily or weekly 
to the local exchanges and through them to each member 
of the association. 
Another way of furnishing information, although of 
a different class, is in connection with the Field Organ- 
ization bureau which advises producers how best to look 
after their orchards. It issues bulletins explaining the 
best methods of pruning, cultivating and fertilizing, and 
general care of the fruit trees. It also furnishes in- 
’ formation on other questions, such as the buying of sup- 
plies, where to get them as well as the various other 
articles that are frequently handled through the ex- 
changes. And most important of all is the giving of 
instruction or information regarding the harvesting, 
grading and packing of the fruit. 
The one great thing which has enabled exchanges to 
do business as they have lies in the fact that they are 
able to guarantee their pack. In order to do this they 
must supervise the grading and packing themselves. It 
has been found that each grower is not capable of put- 
ting up a uniform pack from year to year and, also, that 
the opinions of different men on just what is included 
in a certain grade is variable. To be sure of uniformity 
all the way through, the organizations either have to do 
the packing or grading or supervise it in some way. In 
most places they have experts who are trained for the 
work. Newer organizations have to inaugurate packing 
