SELLING AGENCIES 195 
the freight on lemons to $1.50 a box, thus absorbing all 
the benefits of the tariff. 
The exchanges protested this action and immediately 
started a hearing before the Interstate Commerce Com- 
mission. Upon all of the lemons shipped to the East, 
the extra freight had to be paid, but this was done under 
protest and receipts taken for every package. The legal 
department fought this case through the court and in 
the Interstate Commerce Commission for two years. It 
was finally settled in favor of the fruit exchange. As 
a result of this one decision $343,744 was returned to the 
growers from the railroads on the excess freight for the 
two years. Only strong, well-organized exchanges doing 
a large business could afford the expense of fighting a 
continental shipping organization. 
Field Organization Department has to do entirely with 
the producing side of the fruit. It looks after the in- 
terests of the producer. It has experts to advise the 
members regarding the care of the orchard, pruning, 
ete. And when it comes to the packing of the fruit it 
supervises this so as to insure uniformity in both grade 
and pack. The field organization department is one 
of the oldest departments and one of the most necessary. 
It was early found that unless packs were uniform and 
put up in a systematic way the buyers had no assur- 
ance that the label on one package would mean the same 
as the label on another. Hence the development of this 
department was found necessary in order to insure uni- 
formity in the fruit, and to enable the organization to 
guarantee its pack. 
Advertising Department is more or less of a recent 
venture. Exchanges set aside a certain sum of money 
