CONTENTS 



chapter page 



Introduction. — The Relations of Birds to Man 1 



I. — The Methods of Studying the Food of Birds 9 



II. — The Development of Economic Ornithology , 17 



III. — The Vegetable Food of Birds ... .27 



IV. — The Animal Food of Birds ... 42 



V. — The Amount of Food consumed by Birds . 59 



VI. — Birds as Regulators of Outbreaks of Injurious Animals 68 



VII. — The Relations of Birds to Predaceous and Parasitic 



Insects 81 



VIII. — The Thrushes and their Allies . 86 



IX. — The Nuthatches, Titmice, Creepers, and Wrens 105 



X. — The Warblers and the Vireos 112 



XL — The Shrikes, Waxwings, Swallows, and Tanagers 122 



XII. — The Finches and Sparrows . 132 



XIII. — The English Sparrow 144 



XIV. — The Orioles, Blackbirds, Crows, and Jays 156 



XV. — The Flycatchers, Humming-Birds, Swifts, and Nighthawks 174 



XVI. — The Woodpeckers, Kingfishers, and Cuckoos 181 



XVII.— The Owls . 195 



XVIII. — The Hawks, Eagles, Kites, and Vultures 205 



XIX. — The Pigeons, Grouse, and Shore-Birds . 219 



XX.— The Water-Birds . . 239 



