DESCRIPTION OF PLATE III 



Fig. 9. — Buckwheat. — i. Proteid-bearing tissue. 2. Starch-bearing endosperm 

 tissue. Cell walls are very thin and the entire cell lumen is packed with starch 

 granules. 3. Starch granules. The granules resemble those of corn, being some- 

 what smaller. 4. Sclerenchymatous fibers. 



Buckwheat is the predominating ingredient of the buckwheat pancake flours 

 and is occasionally used as an adulterant of spices. 



Fig. 10. — Tissues of the Pine. — i. The characteristic tracheids with bordered 

 pits. 2. Bast-like fibers of the bark. 3. Crj'stal-bearing bark parenchyma cells. 

 4. Tracheids in radial view. 5. Medullary ray cells in radial \'iew. Pine wood 

 (pulp) is much used in making paper. 



Fig. II. — Sclerenchyma Cells of Olive Pits. — Ground olive pits were, until 

 recently, extensively employed as an adulterant of spices and drugs. 



Fig. 12. — Clove Stems. — .V very common adulterant of cloves and of allspice. 

 I. Typical sclerenchyma cells. 2. Sclerenchyma cells with unequally thickened 

 walls. 3. Sclerenchymatous bast fibers. 



